Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of thermotherapy?

• A. Burns
• B. Increased range of motion
• C. Improved joint stability
• D. Decreased pain

Answer: (A)

Thermotherapy raises tissue temperature to help with stiffness and pain, but overheating tissue can cause tissue damage. Burns are a potential adverse effect because excessive heat, prolonged contact, or heat applied over areas with reduced sensation or compromised skin can injure the skin and underlying tissues.

The other outcomes listed—increased range of motion, improved joint stability, and decreased pain—are typical beneficial effects of heat when used correctly, reflecting improved tissue pliability and comfort rather than harm. To minimize risk, monitor skin response during treatment, use appropriate temperature and time limits, and avoid applying heat over areas with sensory impairment, open wounds, or active inflammation.