Which of the following is a general contraindication for physical agents?

• A. Regular exercise
• B. Malignancy
• C. Adequate sensation
• D. No prior surgeries

Answer: (B)

Malignancy is a general contraindication for physical agents because most modalities that alter tissue temperature, perfusion, or cellular activity could influence tumor biology. Heating, cooling, electrical energy, or other energy-based treatments in or near a cancerous area may affect tumor growth, invasion, or spread, so these therapies are typically avoided unless a physician approves a specific exception. By contrast, regular exercise is normally beneficial and used in rehab; adequate sensation is needed for safe application because a patient who cannot feel well can’t report harmful responses, and a history of surgery does not on its own rule out physical agents, though it may require certain precautions.